Cryptid guidelines
Cryptozoology: noun
The study of and search for animals (especially legendary animals) usually in order to evaluate the possibility of their existence.
The study of evidence tending to substantiate the existence of, or the search for, creatures whose reported existence is unproven. These can include creatures such as the Abominable Snowman or the Loch Ness monster.
First known usage of the word: 1947-1948 by biologist Ivan T. Sanderson while writing articles involving supposed “sea serpents". The word was then brought into the public consciousness in the late 1950’s by zoologist Bernard Heuvelmans through his various works on the subject of hidden and undocumented animals.
Word breakdown: Cryptozoology is created through the combination of the words Crypto and Zoology. Crypto, according to Merriam-Webster, can be used as a combining form noun and is often defined as meaning “hidden” or “covered”. Zoology, also a noun, is defined by Merriam-Webster as “a branch of biology concerned with the classification and the properties and vital phenomena of animals.” When used together, the word is widely accepted as meaning, “the search for and study of hidden animals.”
Words associated with Cryptozoology: The word cryptid, which was coined in 1983 by cryptozoologist J. E. Wall, was patterned after cryptozoology and first appeared in the International Society of Cryptozoology newsletter. As described by Wall on its original creation: “[It has been] suggested that new terms be coined to replace sensational and often misleading terms like 'monster'. My suggestion is 'cryptid', meaning a living thing having the quality of being hidden or unknown ... describing those creatures which are (or may be) subjects of cryptozoological investigation.”
Since its creation, the word cryptid (noun) has officially been defined as “an animal whose existence or survival to the present day is disputed or unsubstantiated; any animal of interest to a cryptozoologist".
Here at The Pine Barrens Institute, we are accepting of everyone’s personal beliefs on what they believe to fall within the realm of Cryptozoology, but we personally follow the guidelines written by George M. Eberhart of what should be classified as a Cryptid and what should not.
These guidelines are listed below.
George M. Eberhart of the American Library Association, who has written for the Journal of Scientific Exploration on the difficulties of cataloging media materials about fringe science, classifies ten types of mystery animals under the cryptozoological umbrella:
Distribution anomalies [known animals reported outside their normal range, e.g. the anomalous big cats of the U.K.];
Undescribed, unusual, or outsized variations of known species [e.g. the giant anacondas reported from Amazonia or the spotted lions of East Africa];
Survivals of recently extinct species [e.g. ivory-billed woodpecker presumed extinct c. 1960, or the Steller’s sea cow presumed extinct c. 1770, both of which are occasionally claimed to have survived to the present];
Survivals of species known only from the fossil record into modern times [e.g. the Mokele-Mbembe of central Africa, sometimes described as a living dinosaur];
Lingerlings, or survivals of species known from the fossil record much later into historical times than currently thought [e.g. the woolly mammoth, presumed extinct c. 12,000 BCE but occasionally purported surviving into later eras];
Animals not known from the fossil record but related to known species [e.g. the Andean wolf or the striped manta-ray reported by William Beebe in the 1930s];
Animals not known from the fossil record nor related to any known species [e.g. North America’s Bigfoot or most sea serpents];
Mythical animals with a zoological basis [e.g. the griffin, partly inspired by dinosaur fossils of Central Asia];
Seemingly paranormal or supernatural entities with some animal-like characteristics [e.g. Mothman, black dogs or some fairies from folklore];
Known hoaxes or probable misidentifications (e.g. the jackalope, an antlered rabbit created as a hoax or prank, but possibly inspired by rabbits infected with Shope papilloma virus, which causes antler-like tumors).
Additionally, Eberhart argues for six exclusions from classification as a cryptid:
Insignificance. “Cryptids must be big, weird, dangerous or significant to humans in some way.”
Lack of controversy. “Someone needs to observe a mystery animal and someone else needs to discredit the sighting. Cryptozoologists function as interventionists between witnesses and skeptical scientists.”
Erratics. “The out-of-place alligator […] that turns up in an odd spot, undoubtedly through human agency, is not a zoological mystery […] If someone discovers a new species of alligator that lives only in sewers, that is a different matter.”
Bizarre humans [e.g. zombies]
Angels or demons […] “the paranormal or supernatural is admitted only if it has an animal shape (a werewolf sighting, which might involve a real dog or wolf, or a mystery canid).”
Aliens “[unless such extraterrestrials] arrived a long time ago and thus classify as residents.”